Anglo-Saxon+Page

 __ Anglo Saxon Period __

The Anglo Saxon period is the oldest known period of time that had a complex culture with stable government, art, and a fairly large amount of literature. Many people believe that the culture then was extremely unsophisticated, but it was actually extremely advanced for the time. Despite the much advancement, the period was almost always in a state of war. Despite this fact, the Anglo-Saxon period is a time filled with great advancements and discoveries in culture, society, government, religion, literature, and art.

Andrew T

Agloe, Sara. "Anglo-Saxon History." //http://hubpages.com/hub/Anglo-Saxon//. Hubpages Inc, 2011. Web. 12 Jan 2011. [].



"Anglo-Saxon" is the term applied to the English-speaking inhabitants of Britain up to the time of the Norman Conquest, when the Anglo-Saxon line of English kings came to an end. The people who were conquered in 1066 had themselves arrived as conquerors more than six centuries earlier. Baker, Peter. "Who were they?." //The Anglo-Saxons and Their Language//. N.p., 2003. Web. 12 Jan 2011. [].

Blaise S.

Kings could not, except in exceptional circumstances, make new laws. Their role instead was to uphold and clarify previous custom. The first act of a conquering king was often to assure his subjects that he would uphold their ancient privileges, laws, and customs.

//"Anglo-Saxon Life - kinship and lordship." brainexpress.com. Davis Ross, n.p. January 12, 2011//

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Jasmyne Curry

Who were the Angles and the Saxons?
The Angles were a Germanic tribe that occupied the region which is now Scleswig-Holstein, Germany. With their fellow ethnic groups, they formed the people who came to be known as the English. The Saxons were a Germanic people who first appeared in the beginning of the Christian era. The Saxons were said to have lived in the south Jutland Peninsula in the north of what is now Germany, but the fact has not been proven. They attacked and raided areas in the North Sea throughout the third and fourth centuries. By the end of the sixth century, the Saxons had taken all of the Roman territory within north-west Germany, as far as the Elbe River. The Angles joined the Saxons in the invasion of Britain in the fifth and sixth centuries. British resistance to the 'Anglo Saxon' invaders in the second half of the fifth century ended with the Anglo Saxon's victory at the battle of Mount Badon. After the British were defeated, though, the Angles and the Saxons continued to fight over their religion for many years.

Algoe, Sara. “Anglo Saxon History 81” hubpages.com. Hubpages Inc, 2011. Copyright © 2011. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. []

Historical background: Pope Gregory sends St. Augustine to Kent 597; Aethelbert I of Kent, converted to Christianity by Augustine, first Christian king of Anglo-Saxon England, also compiled law code (definitions and rules of kinship, wergild, slaves and freemen/ceorl, nobles); Christianization of Anglo-Saxons by Roman and Irish missionaries. From: []

 __ Origin of the Term English People __ The eventual use of the name ‘English’ and ‘England’ for people and territory probably owes something to the influence of [|Bede], whose __History of the English People__ dealt with the whole. He followed Pope Gregory I, who knew the people as Angles.

Citation: John Cannon. “Anglo-Saxons.” //Encyclopedia.com.// 2002. Web. 12 January. 2011. [].

Anglo - Saxon Period
===The Anglo-Saxon (or Old English) period is broadly defined as extending from the earliest written records (ca. 500) to 1100, when the social and linguistic effects of the Norman Conquest started to become apparent. This was the period when the Germanic peoples traditionally called the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded and settled Britain. The literary materials that have survived are of a high moral tone, including the epic poem Beowulf (ca. 900), various heroic lays or narrative poems, saints’ lives, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the laws of some of the Saxon kings, charms, and gnomic verses or “wisdom literature.” The sole exception lies in the miscellaneous riddles, some of which are certainly obscene. === ===-Kendra W Read more: [|Anglo-Saxon Period - Beowulf, Faith, Battle, English, Byrhtnoth, and Laws] [] ===

 = =  Everyone in the age would always wear extremely modest clothing. The common garment for a man was the robe gathered at the waist, completed by hose and soft sandals. The same was for the woman, except their dress extended to the feet. The most common materials used to make clothing were linen and woolens, though the more expensive outfits were marked by colorful dyes and exotic borders (Pelteret, 2000). Usually then men would hide short spears under their clothing for added protection.

Darian Eiland- Before the year 596, almost everybody had strong pagan beliefs. In 596 missionaries had begun to attempt to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. By the year 650, almost all of England had converted to Christianity- at least in name. Although almost everyone claimed to be strong believers in Christ and the church, most still held on to their pagan beliefs and traditions. No matter what they believed, everyone applied their religious beliefs to their everyday life. (Geoffrey Hindley, 2006) []

= The Anglo Saxon Period’s Place in Time = = Connor Pons =

=== The Anglo Saxon period lasted for over 600 years between 410AD and 1066AD. The period involves the many changes occurring in Britain’s society during this time. The period ended upon the death of Edward the Confessor. A new era began when King Harold was defeated by the Normans in the Battle of Hastings in October of 1066. ===

The Battle of Hastings

“The Anglo Saxons.” BBC Ancient History in Depth. 2010. Wed. 12 Jan. 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/anglo_saxons/saxons.shtml

**The Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms**
__Tony C__. - <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">From obscure beginnings the Anglo-Saxons formed a number of kingdoms. The 7th-cent. trend was a shift in the balance of power from south and east ( [|Kent] and [|East Anglia] ) to north and west ( [|Northumbria], [|Mercia] , [|Wessex] ), and the take-over of smaller kingdoms by larger ones, the so-called [|Heptarchy]. The 8th cent. was a period of Mercian dominance and Northumbrian independence, the 9th of the rise of Wessex, and of the threat of the Vikings, who established their own kingdoms of East Anglia and Northumbria. In the 10th cent. Wessex united England. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Anglo-Saxons.aspx



<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 24pt;">The Anglo-Saxon Warrior ** <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">The Weapons and Armour of the Early English Warrior ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"> Apr 5, 2007 [|Joseph Allen McCullough] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">From the fall of Roman Britain, to the coming of the Normans, the warrior culture of the Anglo-Saxons ruled Britain. As the fifth century dawned, the Roman Empire was contracting and withdrawing its troops from the furthest ends of the Empire. In 407AD the last Roman troops left Britain, and three years later the Emperor wrote to the citizens of the island and said they must look after their own defence. With threats from the Picts in the north, the Welsh to the West, and Irish Raiders coming across the sea, the Romano-British began hiring mercenaries from the continent to help with defence. These mercenaries came from a number of Germanic tribes and collectively became known as the Anglo-Saxons. Over the next few hundred years, these mercenaries would continue to flood into Britain, pushing out the Roman British and taking over the area of Britain that would eventually be named after them, the area known as England. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">For some five hundred years the Anglo-Saxons ruled England, fighting their Celtic neighbours and with one another. The Anglo-Saxons had a warrior culture that prized the martial arts, and the weapons of armour of the warrior were his most cherished possessions. The weaponry of these warriors changed little over that 500-year span, but it has only been through careful archaeological and historical study that modern man has been able to construct a coherent picture of what these warriors would have looked like. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Helmet – The early Anglo-Saxon warriors probably did not wear helmets as a general rule. What few examples survive are mostly very decorative and most likely belong to great chiefs or kings. The [|Sutton Hoo helmet] is the best surviving example. Later warriors probably adopted some form of simple helmet similar to the Danish and Norman designs with a conical top and a nose, and possibly, eye guards. Many of the Anglo-Saxon warriors in the Bayeux tapestry are depicted in this helmet. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Spear – the spear was almost certainly the main weapon of the Anglo-Saxon for most of the period in question and could be used either as a missile weapon or in hand-to-hand combat. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Sword – the sword was not a common weapon among the Anglo-Saxons. It was incredibly expensive to produce and thus only the wealthiest of warriors would have one and these would be passed on from generation to generation. Often the leader of a war band would present a sword as a reward to his best warrior which he would carry until his death at which time it would be returned to be given to another warrior. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Seaxe – a single bladed knife carried by all Anglo-Saxon warriors, it would serve as both a tool and a weapon of last resort. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Shield – All warriors would have carried a round shield, constructed of wood banded in either leather or metal. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Axe – Despite the fame of the axe as //the// Anglo-Saxon weapon, this probably has more to do with the Viking invasions. There is little evidence of it being a common weapon of the early Anglo-Saxons. That said, by the time of Hastings, the broadaxe seems to have replaced the spear as the main weapon. This may have been in response to the increased use of armour, which required a heavier weapon to defeat. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Bow and Sling –Anglo-Saxons used both of these weapons, but both were rare. There are probably several reasons for this. First the culture of the Anglo-Saxons prized hand-to-hand combat, and there was little honour to killing a foe at range. Also, both weapons required a high degree of skill to use effectively and this was not a normal part of a warrior’s training. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Armour – The earliest Anglo-Saxons probably did not wear armour, or at most some form of leather jerkin. Again, metal armour would have been extremely expensive, well beyond the means of most warriors. That said, by the time of Hastings, most Anglo-Saxon warriors seem to have been equipped with a full metal hauberk – a shirt made of metal rings that reached from the neck down to the knees and sometimes covered the head as well. <span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">McCullough, Joseph A. "The Anglo-Saxon Warrior: The Weapons and Armour of the Early English Warrior." //Suite101.com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network//. H Apr. 2007. Web. 12 Jan. 2011. <http://www.suite101.com/content/the-anglosaxon-warrior-a18095>.

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Yan. W

<span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.1pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;"> <span style="background-color: #49a0c5; color: #020269; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15pt;">Poetry <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2.9pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">There are two types of Old English poetry: the heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history, and custom; and the Christian. Although nearly all Old English poetry is preserved in only four manuscripts—indicating that what has survived is not necessarily the best or most representative—much of it is of high literary quality. Moreover, Old English heroic poetry is the earliest extant in all of Germanic literature. It is thus the nearest we can come to the oral pagan literature of Germanic culture, and is also of inestimable value as a source of knowledge about many aspects of Germanic society. The 7th-century work known as <span style="color: #003399; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">[|Widsith] <span style="color: black; font-family: "Helvetica","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt;">is one of the earliest Old English poems, and thus is of particular historic and linguistic interest. <span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">Anglo-Saxon literature: Poetry." //The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia.//© 1994, 2000-2006, on Infoplease.© 2000–2007 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease.13 Jan. 2011 <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0856614.html>. <span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;">